1.       B        The Republicans responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts with the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions which challenged federal authority over the states. “A” could work if there were no “B”, but the Civil War was not about “Free Speech”.  It was about slavery and states rights.  “C” is incorrect (and ridiculous) because blacks were not allowed to vote.  “D” is not correct because the Alien and Sedition Acts were not about slavery.  (Marguerite)

 

  1. C        The word “crisis” means “a dangerous situation”. The reason answer A (suspicious activity) doesn’t work is because I know for a fact “crisis” means “a dangerous situation”.  And “C” works best for the definition.  “B” and “D” don’t make any sense in the sentence “The Adams presidency was dramatically affected by foreign crises.”  (Kara)

 

  1. B        The reading suggests that Hamilton wanted Adams to be more aggressive with France instead of avoiding war.  “A” is not correct because no one in the reading justified the Quasi War because it was undeclared.  “C” is not correct because Adams was the one who said war should be a last resort.  “D” is not correct because no mention is made of bribery in the reading. (Luz)

 

  1. B        This (standing up to France while avoiding a full scale war) is the only true accomplishment mentioned in the article.  “A” is not correct because the reading said Adams could not even get along with his own cabinet. It called Adams “stubborn”.  “C” is not correct because the reading mentions that the Federalists were split between followers of Adams and followers of Hamilton. “D” is not correct because the reading says Adams had elitist attitudes. (Joey)

 

 

  1. C      The first part of the word “egalitarian” even sounds and looks like the word equal.  The last sentence contrasts Adams’ “elitist” attitudes to Jefferson’s egalitarian attitudes which it associates with democracy. The passage said that Adams had “elitist” attitudes and “elitist” people think that some people (usually people like them) are better than other people.

 

 

  1. B        An “elitist” attitude is a preference for the “best” or most talented type of people.  The final sentence contrasts Adams attitudes towards Jefferson’s more democratic and egalitarian attitudes.

 

 

  1. C      The right to bear arms is not mentioned in the First Amendment which is presented in the first italicized paragraph.  The other items (A, B, and D) are included in both the full text of the amendment (first paragraph) and the summary of the guaranteed rights (the second paragraph)

 

  1. D        Freedom of the Press is specifically included in the First Amendment. None of the other options are mentioned anywhere in the First Amendment or in any of the rest of the comments about freedom of expression.

 

  1. A        A “literal” interpretation of the First Amendment would not allow ANY laws regulating free speech, but there clearly are laws about pornography, libel and slander. 

 

  1. C          Free speech is a complex concept that must be balanced with other rights.  The entire third paragraph gives examples to support this.

 

  1. B        “Compensation for damages” is the only definition that would make sense.   None of the other options are reasons for petitioning government.

 

  1. B.       The First Amendment prohibits the “limiting or cutting short” of free speech.  None of the other options have anything to due with constitutional rights or freedoms.

 

  1.  A       Speech that “motivates, stirs up, or provokes” criminal acts can be criminally punished.  None of the other options make any sense or would present any problem related to freedom of speech.

 

  1. B          Hanging a doll that looks like the president is the only option that is like the two examples given in the passage: burning a flag or burning a draft card.  The other options involve writing or “written speech”.

 

  1. A        The question equates “strict” with “literal”.  A “literal interpretation would not allow Congress to pass ANY laws limiting free speech.

 

  1. D        The first paragraph links Hamilton to the Federalists who wanted the US to develop into a manufacturing and trading power.  A is incorrect because Jacobins are not even mentioned in the passage.  B. is incorrect because patriots were people who wanted independence from England and they were not mentioned in the passage. C. is incorrect because Jeffersonians are only mentioned as being opposed to Hamilton and his policies

 

  1. B        The passage does not mention either land or immigrants.  A. is incorrect because the third paragraph states that Hamiltion proposed assuming the state debts as part of a bigger  plan to refinance the nation debt.

 

  1.  A       Protective Tariffs were not an issue in the Alien & Sedition Acts.  B is not correct because the Alien & Sedition Acts were passed to deal with the threat of “sedition”.   C is incorrect because the Alien & Sedition Acts were directed against new immigrants who tended to vote for the Jeffersonians. D is incorrect because “naturalization” is the process by which a foreign born person becomes an immigrant.

 

  1.