The American Civil War - A quick review
Name_______________________ Date____________________________
The Civil War was a (1)_________ over slavery in the United States, but it did not
explode until South Carolina seceded from the Union and attacked (2)_________ troops stationed at Fort Sumter in April 1861. The Civil War lasted (3)_________ long years. When it was over, slavery was (4)_________ and the Union was (5)_________, but much of the (6)_________ lay in ruins and hundreds of thousands had lost their lives in battle.
|
abolished conflict Federal four preserved South |
When the Union was formed by the (1)____________ of the Constitution in 1789, slavery had largely (2)____________ in the North. At that time many people, including Southerners like Washington, (3)____________, and Madison, believed that slavery would some day disappear from the South too. By the 1820’s, however, it became clear that the South was developing an (4)____________ based on large plantations, cotton, and slave (5)____________ - and by the 1830’s “(6)____________ was king” in the South.
|
cotton disappeared economy Jefferson labor ratification |
The cotton economy not only (1)___________ on slavery, it also depended on western (2)___________ because the cotton crop quickly (3)___________ the soils it grew in. Much of the conflict between North and South was over (4)___________ of the western territories and states. Southern plantation owners wanted Western lands for new, huge, cotton (5)___________ worked by (6)___________. The Northerners wanted the West open for small farmers so that free (7)___________ men could fulfill their (8)___________ to own land. It also became important to both the North and the South that neither side gained control of the (9)___________. Adding a new state to the Union also added two (10)___________. Therefore, every time a new state applied for (11)___________ to the Union, it was cause for tension and (12)___________ between North and South.
|
control depended dreams exhausted expansion membership plantations Senate senators slaves suspicion white |
Between 1820 and 1857 there were a series of (1)___________ conflicts and difficult (2)___________ regarding slavery and its ability to (3)___________ westward. Because of their slave (4)___________, few blacks were allowed to (5)___________ in these (6)___________ discussions, arguments, and compromises. Influential southerners gradually stopped being (7)___________ about slavery and developed extremely racist belief systems that (8)___________ slavery as a positive good. Abolitionists, a small, but very (9)___________ group of people who wanted to (10)___________ slavery, could also be extreme at times. The Dred Scott decision of 1857 basically abolished all the old compromises - and the (11)___________ of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 was enough to provoke secession in the South.
|
abolish apologetic compromises democratic election frightful justified participate spread status vocal |
When it became clear that the South would not (1)______________ rejoin the Union, the North resorted to brute (2)______________. Some military historians see the American Civil War as the first major step into modern (3)______________ war. It took Lincoln some time before he found (4)______________ who were astute (and ruthless) enough to use the North’s industrial advantage in an effective (and deadly) way. The North had quickly established a fairly effective navel (5)______________ that cut off the South’s exports (cotton) and (6)______________ (food and weapons). Then General Grant was able to (7)______________ the South in two by seizing control of the Mississippi River. Finally General Sherman split the South again with a bloody and fiery (8)______________ from Atlanta to the sea as Grant bore down on the (9)______________ Confederate troops who could finally no longer protect Northern Virginia.
|
blockade force generals imports industrialized march split starving willingly |
The Civil War destroyed the (1)______________ economy which had been supported by (2)______________. The Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment (3)______________ abolished slavery. For a brief time, known as (4)______________, the presence of Northern troops began to allow new, less racist, Southern customs and (5)______________ to develop. But racism, (6)______________ with bad feelings about the war, was too (7)______________. The North eventually looked away as new racial customs and institutions based on hatred and (8)______________ took control in the (9)______________.
|
combined institutions legally plantation Reconstruction slavery South strong terror |
|
Compromise |
a deal or bargain |
|
Seize |
to take, to grab (to take by force) |
|
Atlanta |
the capital of Georgia |
|
Proclamation |
a public announcement, a declaration |
|
Emancipation |
freedom, the condition of being free, the process of gaining freedom |
|
Reconstruction |
literally “rebuilding”, the period of time after the Civil War when Union troops occupied the South |
|
Custom |
a tradition, something expected by society, a practice associated with a specific nation, land, or people |
|
Institution |
a set of rules and roles that exist independently of any group of individuals, an organization or tradition that has existed for a long time |
|
Terror |
the political use of FEAR to control or influence others |
|
Influential |
having the ability to change the opinions or actions of others, persuasive |
|
Abolish |
to get rid of, to eliminate by law |
|
Abolitionist |
one who believed that slavery should be abolished |
|
Racism |
the belief that one race is superior or inferior to another |
|
Provoke |
to deliberately cause anger |
|
Brute |
animal like, relying on strength rather than intelligence or persuasion |
|
Blockade |
a navel action where ships are prevented from entering or leaving ports, an act of war where a nation state is cut off from ocean born commerce |
|
Ruthless |
without mercy or pity, without hesitation or doubt, |
|
Senator |
one of 100 legislators who meet in the upper house of the US Congress |
|
Conflict |
a clash or opposition, a disagreement, an incompatibility |
|
Secede |
to withdraw or separate from a larger organization |
|
Stationed |
placed, located |
|
Preserve |
to keep or save from ruin or harm |
|
Ruin |
destruction or what is left after destruction |
|
Ratification |
to make official or legally valid |
|
Plantation |
a large commercial farm usually dedicated to one or more cash crop |
|
Economy |
a system of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, a system by which wealth is created and distributed. |
The American Civil War - A quick review
The Civil War was
a conflict over slavery in the United States, but it did not
explode until South Carolina seceded from the Union and attacked Federal troops
stationed at Fort Sumter in April 1861. The Civil War lasted four long
years. When it was over, slavery was
abolished and the Union was preserved, but much of the South lay in ruins and
hundreds of thousands had lost their lives in battle.
When the Union was formed by the ratification of the Constitution in 1789, slavery had largely disappeared in the North. At that time many people, including Southerners like Washington, Jefferson, and Madison, believed that slavery would some day disappear from the South too. By the 1820’s, however, it became clear that the South was developing an economy based on large plantations, cotton, and slave labor – and by the 1830’s “cotton was king” in the South.
The cotton economy not only depended on slavery, it also depended on western expansion because the cotton crop quickly exhausted the soils it grew in. Much of the conflict between North and South was over control of the western territories and states. Southern plantation owners wanted Western lands for new, huge, cotton plantations worked by slaves. The Northerners wanted the West open for small farmers so that free white men could fulfill their dreams to own land. It also became important to both the North and the South that neither side gained control of the Senate. Because adding a new state to the Union also added two senators, for every free state that joined the Union, the South insisted that a slave state also join, and vice versa.
Between 1820 and 1857 there were a series of frightful conflicts and difficult compromises regarding slavery and its ability to spread westward. Because of their slave status, few blacks were allowed to participate in these democratic discussions, arguments, and compromises. Influential southerners gradually stopped being apologetic about slavery and developed extremely racist belief systems that justified slavery as a positive good. Abolitionists, a small, but very vocal group of people who wanted to abolish slavery, could also be extreme at times. The Dred Scott decision of 1857 basically abolished all the old compromises - and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 was enough to provoke secession in the South.
When it became clear that the South would not willingly rejoin the Union, the North resorted to brute force. Some military historians see the American Civil War as the first major step into modern industrialized war. It took Lincoln some time before he found generals who were astute (and ruthless) enough to use the North’s industrial advantage in an effective (and deadly) way. The North had quickly established a fairly effective navel blockade that cut off the South’s exports (cotton) and imports (food and weapons). Then General Grant was able to split the South in two by seizing control of the Mississippi River. Finally General Sherman split the south again with a bloody and fiery march from Atlanta to the sea as Grant bore down on the starving Confederate troops who could finally no longer protect Northern Virginia.
The Civil War destroyed the plantation economy that had supported slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment legally abolished slavery. For a brief time, known as Reconstruction, the presence of Northern troops began to allow new, less racist, Southern customs and institutions to develop. But racism, combined with bad feelings about the war, was too strong. The North eventually looked away as new racial customs and institutions based on hatred and terror took control in the South.
Compromise
Seize
Atlanta
Proclamation
Emancipation
Reconstruction
Custom
Institution
terror
Influential
Abolish
Abolitionist
Racism
Provoke
Brute
Blockade
Ruthless
Senator
Conflict
Seceded
Stationed
Abolish
Preserve
Ruin
Ratification
Plantation
Economy