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The Legacies of Nabonidus

Part II

Monumental Civilization	Any ancient civilization identified by the ruins of large-scale architecture. (Stone Age, Bronze Age, or Iron Age Civilizations)
Religion	Organized system of beliefs and rituals concerning the supernatural
Priesthood	An organization of religious leaders who direct ceremonial activities. Ancient priesthoods often held real political and governmental power.
Technology	Methods and tools based on traditional experience and/or practical scientific knowledge
Library	A storage place or collection of valuable records
Empire	A group of states, kingdoms, or countries brought under the control of a single authority

Name _________________________ Date_____________________

The Legacies of Nabonidus: Part II

Nabonidus was the last of many Babylonian _________________. He was a failure.

Nebuchadnezzar II was the last successful _________________king. He is also mentioned in the Bible because he destroyed Jerusalem and took the _________________into the “Babylonian Captivity”. Nabonidus had served under Nebuchadnezzar as a young man.

The first important Babylonian king, Hammurabi, lived about 1,200 years earlier. Hammurabi is famous today for his _________________code, but his successes first made Babylon into the most important city in Mesopotamia. Before Hammurabi, Babylon was an unimportant settlement ruled by descendants of _________________sheiks. Those desert nomads, Hammurabi’s ancestors, were probably a lot like Abraham, the biblical _________________of both the Arabs and the Jews. These nomads, however, settled down and adapted the Mesopotamian civilization. They even rose into its highest ranks.

law Babylonian patriarch rulers Jews nomadic

Babylon was actually a very young city by Mesopotamian standards. The first ________________cities of Ancient Sumer are dated to at least 3500 BC, about 2000 years before the _________________of Babylon. Those first Sumerian cities with names like Kish, Nippur, and Ur set the _________________for Mesopotamian civilization.

The Sumerians believed that each city and its population were the property of a particular _________________or goddess. Each city existed to serve and feed its chief god, and priests formed the _________________leadership of each city. They directed the farming, the digging of irrigation ditches and canals, the building, the _________________keeping, and much of the trade. One of the priests was the king who also commanded the fighting men.

record founding god pattern monumental organized

According to Sumerian records, _________________like Gilgamesh and minor gods like Dumuzi were among the first kings. There were all kinds of gods. Most were not great and powerful like Inanna who owned many _________________. Most Mesopotamian gods ruled over small and ordinary things. Ancient Mesopotamians believed that every _________________had their own personal god, a sort of guardian angel.

Iraq was often _________________by visitors who wanted to participate in its way of life, but until 539 BC even the foreign conquerors adopted its culture and religion. They became civilized Mesopotamians. The ancient _________________, themselves, seem to have been a mixture of different races and languages. The first Sumerian cities were also built upon many thousands of years of experience with tool making, _________________, herding, and building.

Sumerians individual overrun heroes farming cities

The United States is part of what is called “Western Civilization”. We know our civilization was based on the _________________civilization of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but those cultures were heavily influenced by the first monumental civilization of all, which developed in _________________. The glory days of _________________and Rome were bad days for Mesopotamian Iraq. Later on, however, Islamic Iraq became a place of learning where much Classical civilization was preserved in the _________________of Basra and Baghdad.

The little we know about Nabonidus and his people can only make us wonder. If he was digging to find the _________________of civilization and _________________, he was digging in the right place.

Greece Iraq Classical roots religion libraries

The Legacies of Nabonidus

Part II

Across

4 Final successful and victorious king of Babylon. He is famous for destroying Jerusalem and deporting many Jews to Babylon.

6 An organized body of religious leaders. In ancient times they often controlled literacy and "scientific" knowledge

8 To set down in permanent form for later use or review. A thing used as evidence or for reference. Something containing or preserving information, knowledge, or evidence. Something that yields information or experience set down in the past.

10 First important king of Babylon (famous for his law code)

11 Sumerian hero associated with the oldest written epics known

12 A small water channel usually dug for drainage or irrigation

13 The engineered process of bringing water to areas needing it. Supplying a flow of water - often through open channels

15 A larger water channel usually dug for irrigation or navigation

17 One who lived in the first monumental civilization in Southern Iraq before the rise of Babylon. The first language ever to be recorded in writing.

20 A level of success or achievement. A basis for measurement or comparison. A level of quality

21 Systematic ability - especially with the use and creation of tools. Systematic methods associated with science or engineering

23 Forefathers, predecessors

24 Ancient wedge-shaped writing of the ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and others. The first known writing system later replaced by the Phoenician alphabet.

26 Large and impressive, memorable and important

28 The occupation of pastoral people (the word "pastoral" refers to pastures - usually for sheep, goats, or cows). What a shepherd does.

29 To keep. To keep safe over time. To keep safe from spoilage, ruin, or death

32 A storage place for records and written learning. A collection or organization of records

33 Having to do with a particular person or thing. One person considered separately from any larger group or connection.

35 Government or management. Power or influence

36 To manage or govern. To administer or supervise

38 Starting or establishing

39 An organized system of beliefs concerning the supernatural and the mysteries of life - usually under some kind of governance or direction. A system of faith

40 The exchange of goods across distances. Any business or exchange

41 A male ancestor or predecessor. The oldest male of a family or group. A biblical figure of importance.

42 Fame and splendor. Honor and praise.

43 Peninsula west of Anatolia (modern Turkey) associated with the first democracies and the birth of "Classical Civilization"

Down

1 Offspring, progeny, scions

2 Everyday, common. (Not rare and Not unusual.)

3 The process of constructing or erecting

4 People without settled homes. They travel from place to place usually seeking good hunting grounds or pastureland

5 A stage of culture able to support city life. It often involves organized government and large scale engineering

7 Something exclusively owned or controlled

9 A group of kingdoms controlled or conquered by a single ruler

14 Something to be imitated. A model or set of instructions. A repeating or regular design.

16 A word part (prefix) meaning "New".

18 The ability or power to rule or govern.

19 An effect on behavior or belief (through power or example), inspiration, pressure

22 Official rule for conduct (usually written)

24 Relating to the ancient cultures and civilizations of Greece and Rome. Considered simple and pure, but elegant and memorable.

25 A term for the people in a certain territory. The number of people.

27 the process of gaining knowledge and skills. Acquired knowledge,

30 Dangerous Goddess of War and Sexual love (also known as Ishtar or Astarte)

31 Skills and knowledge acquired over time

34 First holy city of Sumer. It was sacred to the god, Enlil. It was later overshadowed by Babylon which was sacred to the god, Marduk

37 Amazement and mystery, a state of curiosity or awe

Work Bank For Crossword Puzzle

Nouns	Verbs	Adjectives	Adverbs
		Ordinary	Ordinarily
Ancestors		Ancestral	Ancestrally
Authority	Authorize	Authorized
Building	Build	Built
Canal	Canalize
Civilization	Civilize	Civilized, civil	Civilly
Classic		Classical, classic	Classically
Cuneiform		Cuneiform
Descendants	Descend	Descended
Direction	Direct	Directed	Directly
Ditch	Ditch (slang)	Ditched (slang)
Empire		Imperial	Imperially
Experience	Experience	Experienced
Founder, foundation	Found	Founding
Gilgamesh
Glory	Glorify	Glorified
Greece		Greek
Hammurabi
Herding, Herd, Herder	Herd	Herding, Herded
Inanna
Individual	Individualize	Individual	Individually
Influence	Influence	Influential, Influenced	Influentially
Irrigation	Irrigate	Irrigated
Law		lawful	Lawfully
Leadership
learning	Learn	Learned	Learnedly
library
Monument	Monumentalize	Monumental	Monumentally
Nebuchadnezzar
Neo
Nippur
Nomads		Nomadic	Nomadically
Patriarch		Patriarchal
Pattern
Population	Populate	Populated
Preserve, preservation	Preserve	Preserved
Priesthood
Property
Record	Record	Recorded
Religion		Religious	Religiously
Standard	Standardize	Standardized
Sumer, Sumerian		Sumerian
Technology		Technological	Technologically
Trade	Trade	Traded
Wonder, wonderment, wondering	Wonder	Wondering	Wonderingly

Ancestors	Forefathers, predecessors
Authority	The ability or power to rule or govern.
Building	The process of constructing or erecting
Canal	A larger water channel usually dug for irrigation or navigation
Civilization	A stage of culture able to support city life. It often involves organized government and large scale engineering
Classical	Relating to the ancient cultures and civilizations of Greece and Rome. Considered simple and pure, but elegant and memorable.
Cuneiform	Ancient wedge-shaped writing of the ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and others. The first known writing system later replaced by the Phoenician alphabet.
Descendants	Offspring, progeny, scions
Direct	To manage or govern. To administer or supervise
Ditch	A small water channel usually dug for drainage or irrigation
Empire	A group of kingdoms controlled or conquered by a single ruler
Experience	Skills and knowledge acquired over time
Founding	Starting or establishing
Gilgamesh	Sumerian hero associated with the oldest written epics known
Glory	Fame and splendor. Honor and praise.
Greece	Peninsula west of Anatolia (modern Turkey) associated with the first democracies and the birth of “Classical Civilization”
Hammurabi	First important king of Babylon (famous for his law code)
Herding	The occupation of pastoral people (the word “pastoral” refers to pastures – usually for sheep, goats, or cows). What a shepherd does.
Inanna	Dangerous Goddess of War and Sexual love (also known as Ishtar or Astarte)
Individual	Having to do with a particular person or thing. One person considered separately from any larger group or connection.
Influence	An effect on behavior or belief (through power or example), inspiration, pressure
Irrigation